ABSTRACT The breathing pattern of Mouth Breathing (MB) implies the adaptation of body posture to facilitate the passage of airflow through the oral cavity, which can be prevented or reversed through physical exercise. However, there is no consensus on which is the best model of exercise program to minimise these postural adaptations. The purpose of the review was to investigate the effect of different physical exercise programs on the posture of mouth-breathing children and adolescents. The research was performed in Scopus, PubMed, Lilacs, Bireme, and Scielo databases in November 2022. The following descriptors were included: “mouth breather and exercise”, “mouth breathing and exercise”, “nasal obstruction and exercise”, “mouth breather and exercises”, “mouth breathing and exercises”, and “nasal obstruction and exercises”. Clinical trials related to the effect of physical exercise on the posture of MB children and adolescents were considered. Among 2796 identified studies, six were included. The mean score of the methodological quality scale of the selected studies was 5.5 points on a scale of 0 to 10. All studies showed an improvement in body posture after the exercise program. The exercise programs comprised muscle strengthening and stretching exercises, neuromuscular proprioceptive facilitation, and postural and diaphragmatic reeducation. The duration of the programs and the weekly frequency varied in the studies. Although it is difficult to compare studies and establish guidelines for formulating an exercise protocol, it was observed that upper limb strengthening and stretching exercises could effectively improve the body posture of MB children and adolescents.

Resumo Campanhas publicitárias influenciam o comportamento de consumidores utilizando conceitos-chave que as ciências comportamentais têm mapeado através de experimentos controlados e randomizados. O objetivo deste artigo de pesquisa bibliográfica é, portanto, o de apresentar, articular e discutir as principais teorias da psicologia social referentes tanto à mudança de atitudes quanto de comportamentos. Mais especificamente, este estudo busca reduzir a distância entre o arcabouço teórico-conceitual da psicologia e a prática profissional do criativo publicitário, propondo uma interface entre esses dois universos e indicando como insights psicológicos podem ser aplicados para aumentar a efetividade dos anúncios publicitários.

Abstract Advertising campaigns influence consumer behavior using key concepts that the behavioral sciences have mapped using controlled and randomized lab experiments. The aim of this bibliographic research article is, therefore, to present, articulate and discuss the main theories of social psychology regarding both attitude and behavior change. More specifically, this study seeks to reduce the distance between the theoretical-conceptual framework of psychology and the professional practice of advertising production, proposing an interface between these two universes and offering suggestions on how psychological insights could be applied to improve advertising effectiveness.

Resumen Las campañas publicitarias influyen en el comportamiento del consumidor utilizando conceptos clave que las ciencias del comportamiento han mapeado a través de experimentos controlados y aleatorios. El objetivo de este artículo de investigación bibliográfica es, por lo tanto, presentar, articular y discutir las principales teorías de la psicología social con respecto a los cambios de actitudes y comportamientos. Más específicamente, este estudio busca reducir la distancia entre el marco teórico-conceptual de la psicología y la práctica profesional de la publicidad creativa, proponiendo una interfaz entre estos dos universos e indicando cómo se pueden aplicar las percepciones psicológicas para aumentar la efectividad de la publicidad.

RESUMO Bacillus thuringiensis é o entomopatógeno mais comercializado mundialmente. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a eficiência das subespécies kurstaki, aizawai e o hibrido aizawai x no kurstakicontrole de Bonagota salubricola (Lepidopetera: Tortricidae) em diferentes períodos de avaliação. Os experimentos foram realizados em dieta artificial. Foram utilizadas microplacas contendo 150 µl de dieta em cada poço. A concentração contendo as subespécies de Bt foi depositada na superfície da dieta, em seguida liberada uma larva neonata, totalizando 24 em cada concentração. A mortalidade foi avaliada no sétimo, décimo e décimo quinto dias após o tratamento. Em todas as concentrações, foi verificado o instar larval. A avaliação de mortalidade realizada após quinze dias do tratamento foi significativa para as três subespécies. Bt kurstaki foi mais eficiente em todos os períodos de avaliação, exceto aos quinze dias, período em que foi semelhante a Bt aizawai. Avaliações acima de sete dias foram mais adequadas para determinar a mortalidade. As três subespécies influenciaram na capacidade de mudança de instar, indiferentemente da concentração. A CL50 de Bt kurstaki, aos sete e dez dias de avaliação, foi de três a seis vezes menores que Bt x aizawaikurstaki e Bt aizawai, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT Bioinsecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis are the entomopathogen most marketed worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactivity of kurstaki, aizawai subspecies and kurstaki x aizawai hybrid on B. salubricola larvae fed on artificial diet in different assessment periods. Mortality was assessed on the seventh, tenth and fifteenth days after treatment. Microplates containing 150 µl of diet in each cell were used. Suspensions containing Bt subspecies was deposited on the surface of the diet, then neonate larvae were released. The mortality assessment performed after fifteen days of treatment was significant for all three subspecies. Bt kurstaki was more efficient in all assessment periods, except for fifteen days, which was similar to Bt aizawai. Assessments performed up to seven days were more efficient to determine mortality. The three subspecies have influenced the ability for instar change, regardless of concentration. The LC50 of Bt kurstaki on the seventh and tenth days of assessment was from three to six times smaller than that observed in Bt aizawai x kurstaki, and Bt aizawai, respectively.

OBJETIVO: Identificar a taxa de suspensão de operações eletivas e investigar a ocorrência e as causas do seu cancelamento. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo de natureza exploratória, descritiva, transversal e com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa realizado no Departamento de Cirurgia Geral de um hospital de média complexidade. Foram analisadas todas as operações marcadas eletivamente no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2007 a julho de 2008. RESULTADOS: No período do estudo, foram agendadas 7938 cirurgias, sendo 1806 urgências (22,75%) e 6132 cirurgias eletivas (77,25%). Do total de cirurgias eletivas, foram canceladas 1018, correspondendo a uma taxa de suspensão de 16%. Os principais fatores dos cancelamentos das cirurgias estavam relacionados ao paciente (48,23%), tais como condição clínica desfavorável (50,3%) e não comparecimento (39,9%); e ao hospital, tais como a alocação de recursos humanos (23,77%), a organização da unidade (22,88%) e a alocação de materiais e equipamentos (5,12%). CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se que 41% dos procedimentos suspensos não deveriam ter sido marcados. Medidas gerenciais corretivas são necessárias a fim de diminuir a taxa de suspensão.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the suspension rate on elective surgeries and to investigate their occurrences, and their cancelling causes. MEHTODS: This is an exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional study with a quantitative and qualitative approach which was carried out at the Department of General Surgery in a medium complexity Hospital. All surgeries performed from January 2007 to July 2008 were analyzed. RESULTS: Seven thousand nine hundred and thirty eight surgeries were performed during the period of the research from which there were 1806 urgencies (22.75%) and 6132 (77.25%) were scheduled. There were 1018 canceled surgeries in the programmed group, corresponding to a cancellation rate of 16%. Most of the reasons concerning cancellation were related to the patients (48.23%), such as unfavorable clinical conditions (50.3%) and absences (39.9%); the reasons related to the hospital were because of human resources allocation (23.77%), the organization of the unit (22.88%) and the allocation of material and equipment (5.12%). CONLCUSION: It was found that 41% of the canceled procedures should indeed not be performed. Some corrective management measures are necessary in order to diminish the cancellation rate.